# The analytical stack in 2013

Revision 1 (11 October 2026) · Modeled snapshot · through 8 October 2026.

All figures are research-informed estimates of analytical activity. Significant errors may remain; decimal places do not imply measurement precision.

Redshift goes GA; Presto, MemSQL, Parquet, and ORC arrive

Tables follow the chart’s left-to-right order. Shares use each full layer as the denominator; subdivisions are included in their parent totals.

## Access

| Option | Share of layer | Details |
| --- | --- | --- |
| [SAP IQ vendor-specific interface](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/access/vendor-iq.md) | 0.7775% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/2013/access/vendor-iq.md) |
| [MySQL/MariaDB vendor-specific interface](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/access/vendor-mysql.md) | 1.0775% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/2013/access/vendor-mysql.md) |
| [PostgreSQL family vendor-specific interface](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/access/vendor-postgres.md) | 0.805% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/2013/access/vendor-postgres.md) |
| [SQLite vendor-specific interface](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/access/vendor-sqlite.md) | 0.195% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/2013/access/vendor-sqlite.md) |
| [Greenplum vendor-specific interface](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/access/vendor-greenplum.md) | 0.57% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/2013/access/vendor-greenplum.md) |
| [Hadoop batch/Hive vendor-specific interface](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/access/vendor-hadoop.md) | 3.2% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/2013/access/vendor-hadoop.md) |
| [Vertica vendor-specific interface](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/access/vendor-vertica.md) | 0.76% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/2013/access/vendor-vertica.md) |
| [Apache Spark (independent deployments) vendor-specific interface](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/access/vendor-spark.md) | 2.1125% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/2013/access/vendor-spark.md) |
| [SAP HANA vendor-specific interface](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/access/vendor-hana.md) | 0.8175% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/2013/access/vendor-hana.md) |
| [Google BigQuery vendor-specific interface](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/access/vendor-bigquery.md) | 0.3225% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/2013/access/vendor-bigquery.md) |
| [Amazon Redshift vendor-specific interface](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/access/vendor-redshift.md) | 0.19% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/2013/access/vendor-redshift.md) |
| [Cloudera Impala vendor-specific interface](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/access/vendor-impala.md) | 0.095% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/2013/access/vendor-impala.md) |
| [Presto vendor-specific interface](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/access/vendor-presto.md) | 0.08% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/2013/access/vendor-presto.md) |
| [MemSQL vendor-specific interface](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/access/vendor-singlestore.md) | 0.02% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/2013/access/vendor-singlestore.md) |
| [IBM Netezza vendor-specific interface](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/access/vendor-netezza.md) | 1.29% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/2013/access/vendor-netezza.md) |
| [Other analytical engines vendor-specific interface](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/access/vendor-other-analytics.md) | 0.5025% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/2013/access/vendor-other-analytics.md) |
| [ParAccel vendor-specific interface](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/access/vendor-paraccel.md) | 0.08% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/2013/access/vendor-paraccel.md) |
| [Oracle vendor-specific interface](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/access/vendor-oracle.md) | 5.2875% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/2013/access/vendor-oracle.md) |
| [Ingres vendor-specific interface](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/access/vendor-ingres.md) | 0.1525% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/2013/access/vendor-ingres.md) |
| [IBM relational (SQL/DS/Db2 lineage) vendor-specific interface](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/access/vendor-ibm.md) | 2.585% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/2013/access/vendor-ibm.md) |
| [Teradata vendor-specific interface](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/access/vendor-teradata.md) | 2.1625% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/2013/access/vendor-teradata.md) |
| [Sybase/SAP ASE lineage vendor-specific interface](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/access/vendor-sybase.md) | 0.305% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/2013/access/vendor-sybase.md) |
| [Microsoft SQL Server vendor-specific interface](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/access/vendor-sqlserver.md) | 2.9925% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/2013/access/vendor-sqlserver.md) |
| [Desktop databases vendor-specific interface](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/access/vendor-desktop.md) | 1.665% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/2013/access/vendor-desktop.md) |
| [Informix vendor-specific interface](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/access/vendor-informix.md) | 0.265% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/2013/access/vendor-informix.md) |
| [Pre-relational reporting vendor-specific interface](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/access/vendor-legacy.md) | 0.445% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/2013/access/vendor-legacy.md) |
| [Other relational products vendor-specific interface](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/access/vendor-other-relational.md) | 0.1625% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/2013/access/vendor-other-relational.md) |
| [ODBC](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/access/odbc.md) | 24.11% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/2013/access/odbc.md) |
| [JDBC](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/access/jdbc.md) | 28.06% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/2013/access/jdbc.md) |
| [Python DB-API (other drivers)](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/access/python.md) | 5.9825% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/2013/access/python.md) |
| [Other language/portable APIs](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/access/other-api.md) | 12.93% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/2013/access/other-api.md) |
| **Total** | **100%** |  |

## Compute

| Option | Share of layer | Details |
| --- | --- | --- |
| [SAP IQ](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/compute/iq.md) | 3% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/2013/compute/iq.md) |
| [MySQL/MariaDB](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/compute/mysql.md) | 5% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/2013/compute/mysql.md) |
| [PostgreSQL family](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/compute/postgres.md) | 5% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/2013/compute/postgres.md) |
| [SQLite](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/compute/sqlite.md) | 0.85% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/2013/compute/sqlite.md) |
| [Greenplum](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/compute/greenplum.md) | 3% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/2013/compute/greenplum.md) |
| [Hadoop batch/Hive](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/compute/hadoop.md) | 8% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/2013/compute/hadoop.md) |
| [Vertica](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/compute/vertica.md) | 4% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/2013/compute/vertica.md) |
| [Apache Spark (independent deployments)](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/compute/spark.md) | 3% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/2013/compute/spark.md) |
| [SAP HANA](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/compute/hana.md) | 3% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/2013/compute/hana.md) |
| [Google BigQuery](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/compute/bigquery.md) | 1% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/2013/compute/bigquery.md) |
| [Amazon Redshift](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/compute/redshift.md) | 1% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/2013/compute/redshift.md) |
| [Cloudera Impala](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/compute/impala.md) | 0.5% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/2013/compute/impala.md) |
| [Presto](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/compute/presto.md) | 0.5% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/2013/compute/presto.md) |
| [MemSQL](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/compute/singlestore.md) | 0.1% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/2013/compute/singlestore.md) |
| [IBM Netezza](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/compute/netezza.md) | 4.5% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/2013/compute/netezza.md) |
| [Other analytical engines](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/compute/other-analytics.md) | 2.65% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/2013/compute/other-analytics.md) |
| [ParAccel](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/compute/paraccel.md) | 0.4% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/2013/compute/paraccel.md) |
| [Oracle](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/compute/oracle.md) | 16% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/2013/compute/oracle.md) |
| [Ingres](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/compute/ingres.md) | 0.45% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/2013/compute/ingres.md) |
| [IBM relational (SQL/DS/Db2 lineage)](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/compute/ibm.md) | 8.25% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/2013/compute/ibm.md) |
| [Teradata](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/compute/teradata.md) | 9.15% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/2013/compute/teradata.md) |
| [Sybase/SAP ASE lineage](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/compute/sybase.md) | 0.9% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/2013/compute/sybase.md) |
| [Microsoft SQL Server](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/compute/sqlserver.md) | 14.2% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/2013/compute/sqlserver.md) |
| [Desktop databases](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/compute/desktop.md) | 2.6% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/2013/compute/desktop.md) |
| [Informix](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/compute/informix.md) | 1.4% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/2013/compute/informix.md) |
| [Pre-relational reporting](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/compute/legacy.md) | 0.7% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/2013/compute/legacy.md) |
| [Other relational products](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/compute/other-relational.md) | 0.85% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/2013/compute/other-relational.md) |
| **Total** | **100%** |  |

## Storage

| Option | Share of layer | Details |
| --- | --- | --- |
| [SAP IQ native storage](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/storage/native-iq.md) | 2.85% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/2013/storage/native-iq.md) |
| [MySQL/MariaDB native storage](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/storage/native-mysql.md) | 4.95% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/2013/storage/native-mysql.md) |
| [PostgreSQL family native storage](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/storage/native-postgres.md) | 4.9% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/2013/storage/native-postgres.md) |
| [SQLite native storage](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/storage/native-sqlite.md) | 0.85% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/2013/storage/native-sqlite.md) |
| [Greenplum native storage](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/storage/native-greenplum.md) | 2.88% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/2013/storage/native-greenplum.md) |
| [Vertica native storage](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/storage/native-vertica.md) | 3.88% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/2013/storage/native-vertica.md) |
| [SAP HANA native storage](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/storage/native-hana.md) | 2.94% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/2013/storage/native-hana.md) |
| [Google BigQuery native storage](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/storage/native-bigquery.md) | 1% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/2013/storage/native-bigquery.md) |
| [Amazon Redshift native storage](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/storage/native-redshift.md) | 1% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/2013/storage/native-redshift.md) |
| [MemSQL native storage](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/storage/native-singlestore.md) | 0.1% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/2013/storage/native-singlestore.md) |
| [IBM Netezza native storage](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/storage/native-netezza.md) | 4.5% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/2013/storage/native-netezza.md) |
| [Other analytical engines native storage](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/storage/native-other-analytics.md) | 2.65% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/2013/storage/native-other-analytics.md) |
| [ParAccel native storage](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/storage/native-paraccel.md) | 0.4% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/2013/storage/native-paraccel.md) |
| [Oracle native storage](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/storage/native-oracle.md) | 14.88% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/2013/storage/native-oracle.md) |
| [Ingres native storage](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/storage/native-ingres.md) | 0.4275% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/2013/storage/native-ingres.md) |
| [IBM relational (SQL/DS/Db2 lineage) native storage](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/storage/native-ibm.md) | 7.8375% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/2013/storage/native-ibm.md) |
| [Teradata native storage](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/storage/native-teradata.md) | 9.15% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/2013/storage/native-teradata.md) |
| [Sybase/SAP ASE lineage native storage](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/storage/native-sybase.md) | 0.855% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/2013/storage/native-sybase.md) |
| [Microsoft SQL Server native storage](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/storage/native-sqlserver.md) | 13.49% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/2013/storage/native-sqlserver.md) |
| [Desktop databases native storage](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/storage/native-desktop.md) | 1.7675% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/2013/storage/native-desktop.md) |
| [Informix native storage](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/storage/native-informix.md) | 1.4% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/2013/storage/native-informix.md) |
| [Pre-relational reporting native storage](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/storage/native-legacy.md) | 0.7% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/2013/storage/native-legacy.md) |
| [Other relational products native storage](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/storage/native-other-relational.md) | 0.85% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/2013/storage/native-other-relational.md) |
| [Federated relational native stores (vendor unallocated)](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/storage/remote-relational.md) | 1.99% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/2013/storage/remote-relational.md) |
| [Local/shared row files](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/storage/legacy-local.md) | 2.0375% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/2013/storage/legacy-local.md) |
| [HDFS text/SequenceFile/RCFile/Avro](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/storage/hdfs-row.md) | 10.29% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/2013/storage/hdfs-row.md) |
| [Object-store CSV/text/Avro](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/storage/object-row.md) | 0.46% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/2013/storage/object-row.md) |
| [Standalone Parquet on HDFS](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/storage/parquet-hdfs.md) | 0.44% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/2013/storage/parquet-hdfs.md) |
| [Standalone ORC on HDFS](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/storage/orc-hdfs.md) | 0.5% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/2013/storage/orc-hdfs.md) |
| [Standalone Parquet on object storage](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/storage/parquet-object.md) | 0.025% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/2013/storage/parquet-object.md) |
| **Total** | **100%** |  |

[← 2012](https://history.columnar.tech/years/2012.md) · [All years](https://history.columnar.tech/timeline.md) · [2014 →](https://history.columnar.tech/years/2014.md)

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