# The analytical stack in 1997

Revision 1 (11 October 2026) · Modeled snapshot · through 8 October 2026.

All figures are research-informed estimates of analytical activity. Significant errors may remain; decimal places do not imply measurement precision.

JDBC joins the shared-access picture

Tables follow the chart’s left-to-right order. Shares use each full layer as the denominator; subdivisions are included in their parent totals.

## Access

| Option | Share of layer | Details |
| --- | --- | --- |
| [Sybase IQ vendor-specific interface](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/access/vendor-iq.md) | 1.5025% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/1997/access/vendor-iq.md) |
| [MySQL vendor-specific interface](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/access/vendor-mysql.md) | 1.0875% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/1997/access/vendor-mysql.md) |
| [PostgreSQL family vendor-specific interface](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/access/vendor-postgres.md) | 0.9775% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/1997/access/vendor-postgres.md) |
| [Oracle vendor-specific interface](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/access/vendor-oracle.md) | 18.5425% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/1997/access/vendor-oracle.md) |
| [Ingres vendor-specific interface](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/access/vendor-ingres.md) | 1.34% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/1997/access/vendor-ingres.md) |
| [IBM relational (SQL/DS/Db2 lineage) vendor-specific interface](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/access/vendor-ibm.md) | 14.285% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/1997/access/vendor-ibm.md) |
| [Teradata vendor-specific interface](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/access/vendor-teradata.md) | 10.09% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/1997/access/vendor-teradata.md) |
| [Sybase ASE vendor-specific interface](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/access/vendor-sybase.md) | 3.3325% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/1997/access/vendor-sybase.md) |
| [Microsoft SQL Server vendor-specific interface](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/access/vendor-sqlserver.md) | 8.005% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/1997/access/vendor-sqlserver.md) |
| [Desktop databases vendor-specific interface](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/access/vendor-desktop.md) | 7.6675% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/1997/access/vendor-desktop.md) |
| [Informix vendor-specific interface](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/access/vendor-informix.md) | 2.9575% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/1997/access/vendor-informix.md) |
| [Pre-relational reporting vendor-specific interface](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/access/vendor-legacy.md) | 6.49% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/1997/access/vendor-legacy.md) |
| [Other relational products vendor-specific interface](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/access/vendor-other-relational.md) | 1.4625% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/1997/access/vendor-other-relational.md) |
| [ODBC](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/access/odbc.md) | 17.74% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/1997/access/odbc.md) |
| [JDBC](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/access/jdbc.md) | 1.07% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/1997/access/jdbc.md) |
| [Python DB-API (other drivers)](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/access/python.md) | 0.36% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/1997/access/python.md) |
| [Other language/portable APIs](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/access/other-api.md) | 3.09% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/1997/access/other-api.md) |
| **Total** | **100%** |  |

## Compute

| Option | Share of layer | Details |
| --- | --- | --- |
| [Sybase IQ](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/compute/iq.md) | 2% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/1997/compute/iq.md) |
| [MySQL](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/compute/mysql.md) | 1.5% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/1997/compute/mysql.md) |
| [PostgreSQL family](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/compute/postgres.md) | 1.5% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/1997/compute/postgres.md) |
| [Oracle](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/compute/oracle.md) | 22.85% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/1997/compute/oracle.md) |
| [Ingres](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/compute/ingres.md) | 1.65% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/1997/compute/ingres.md) |
| [IBM relational (SQL/DS/Db2 lineage)](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/compute/ibm.md) | 17.95% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/1997/compute/ibm.md) |
| [Teradata](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/compute/teradata.md) | 13.85% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/1997/compute/teradata.md) |
| [Sybase ASE](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/compute/sybase.md) | 4.1% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/1997/compute/sybase.md) |
| [Microsoft SQL Server](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/compute/sqlserver.md) | 11.4% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/1997/compute/sqlserver.md) |
| [Desktop databases](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/compute/desktop.md) | 9.35% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/1997/compute/desktop.md) |
| [Informix](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/compute/informix.md) | 4.35% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/1997/compute/informix.md) |
| [Pre-relational reporting](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/compute/legacy.md) | 7.35% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/1997/compute/legacy.md) |
| [Other relational products](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/compute/other-relational.md) | 2.15% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/1997/compute/other-relational.md) |
| **Total** | **100%** |  |

## Storage

| Option | Share of layer | Details |
| --- | --- | --- |
| [Sybase IQ native storage](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/storage/native-iq.md) | 2% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/1997/storage/native-iq.md) |
| [MySQL native storage](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/storage/native-mysql.md) | 1.5% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/1997/storage/native-mysql.md) |
| [PostgreSQL family native storage](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/storage/native-postgres.md) | 1.5% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/1997/storage/native-postgres.md) |
| [Oracle native storage](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/storage/native-oracle.md) | 22.6225% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/1997/storage/native-oracle.md) |
| [Ingres native storage](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/storage/native-ingres.md) | 1.585% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/1997/storage/native-ingres.md) |
| [IBM relational (SQL/DS/Db2 lineage) native storage](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/storage/native-ibm.md) | 17.59% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/1997/storage/native-ibm.md) |
| [Teradata native storage](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/storage/native-teradata.md) | 13.85% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/1997/storage/native-teradata.md) |
| [Sybase ASE native storage](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/storage/native-sybase.md) | 4.06% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/1997/storage/native-sybase.md) |
| [Microsoft SQL Server native storage](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/storage/native-sqlserver.md) | 11.4% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/1997/storage/native-sqlserver.md) |
| [Desktop databases native storage](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/storage/native-desktop.md) | 4.3% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/1997/storage/native-desktop.md) |
| [Informix native storage](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/storage/native-informix.md) | 4.35% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/1997/storage/native-informix.md) |
| [Pre-relational reporting native storage](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/storage/native-legacy.md) | 7.35% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/1997/storage/native-legacy.md) |
| [Other relational products native storage](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/storage/native-other-relational.md) | 2.15% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/1997/storage/native-other-relational.md) |
| [Federated relational native stores (vendor unallocated)](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/storage/remote-relational.md) | 1.2725% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/1997/storage/remote-relational.md) |
| [Local/shared row files](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/storage/legacy-local.md) | 4.47% | [Inspect](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/1997/storage/legacy-local.md) |
| **Total** | **100%** |  |

[← 1996](https://history.columnar.tech/years/1996.md) · [All years](https://history.columnar.tech/timeline.md) · [1998 →](https://history.columnar.tech/years/1998.md)

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