# Compute technologies

Revision 1 (11 October 2026) · Modeled snapshot · through 8 October 2026.

All figures are research-informed estimates of analytical activity. Significant errors may remain; decimal places do not imply measurement precision.

Names below use the last year in which the category appears. Each page records historical names and notes. A last appearance does not establish that a product ceased to exist.

| Category | Years shown |
| --- | --- |
| [Pre-relational reporting](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/compute/legacy.md) | 1976–2026 |
| [Other relational products](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/compute/other-relational.md) | 1976–2026 |
| [Oracle](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/compute/oracle.md) | 1979–2026 |
| [Desktop databases](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/compute/desktop.md) | 1980–2026 |
| [Ingres](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/compute/ingres.md) | 1981–2026 |
| [Informix](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/compute/informix.md) | 1981–2026 |
| [IBM relational (SQL/DS/Db2 lineage)](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/compute/ibm.md) | 1982–2026 |
| [Teradata](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/compute/teradata.md) | 1984–2026 |
| [Sybase/SAP ASE lineage](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/compute/sybase.md) | 1987–2026 |
| [SQL Server / Synapse / Fabric WH](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/compute/sqlserver.md) | 1989–2026 |
| [SAP IQ](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/compute/iq.md) | 1995–2026 |
| [MySQL/MariaDB](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/compute/mysql.md) | 1995–2026 |
| [PostgreSQL family](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/compute/postgres.md) | 1995–2026 |
| [SQLite](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/compute/sqlite.md) | 2000–2026 |
| [IBM Netezza](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/compute/netezza.md) | 2003–2026 |
| [Other analytical engines](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/compute/other-analytics.md) | 2003–2026 |
| [Greenplum](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/compute/greenplum.md) | 2005–2026 |
| [Hadoop batch/Hive](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/compute/hadoop.md) | 2006–2026 |
| [Vertica](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/compute/vertica.md) | 2007–2026 |
| [Actian Matrix (ParAccel)](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/compute/paraccel.md) | 2007–2021 |
| [Apache Spark (including Amazon EMR, Synapse Spark, and Google Cloud Dataproc)](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/compute/spark.md) | 2010–2026 |
| [Google BigQuery](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/compute/bigquery.md) | 2011–2026 |
| [SAP HANA](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/compute/hana.md) | 2011–2026 |
| [Amazon Redshift](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/compute/redshift.md) | 2012–2026 |
| [Apache Impala](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/compute/impala.md) | 2012–2026 |
| [Presto](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/compute/presto.md) | 2013–2026 |
| [SingleStore](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/compute/singlestore.md) | 2013–2026 |
| [Snowflake](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/compute/snowflake.md) | 2015–2026 |
| [Databricks](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/compute/databricks.md) | 2015–2026 |
| [Amazon Athena](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/compute/athena.md) | 2016–2026 |
| [ClickHouse](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/compute/clickhouse.md) | 2016–2026 |
| [Apache Doris](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/compute/doris.md) | 2017–2026 |
| [Dremio](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/compute/dremio.md) | 2017–2026 |
| [Apache DataFusion](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/compute/datafusion.md) | 2019–2026 |
| [DuckDB](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/compute/duckdb.md) | 2019–2026 |
| [Trino](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/compute/trino.md) | 2019–2026 |
| [Firebolt](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/compute/firebolt.md) | 2020–2026 |
| [StarRocks](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/compute/starrocks.md) | 2021–2026 |
| [Fabric LH (Spark)](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/compute/fabric.md) | 2023–2026 |

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