# Oracle · compute · 2025

Revision 1 (11 October 2026) · Modeled snapshot · through 8 October 2026.

All figures are research-informed estimates of analytical activity. Significant errors may remain; decimal places do not imply measurement precision.

5.45% of the full compute layer.

[Oracle](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/compute/oracle.md): historical names and annual shares.

Includes Exadata deployments. Exadata is an integrated compute, storage, and software platform for Oracle Database, so these deployments remain in the Oracle database family.

Connections below describe the whole Oracle engine. Access and storage mixes are estimated separately; they are not a joint interface-to-storage distribution.

## Access use within this engine

| Option | Share of engine activity | Share of full access layer |
| --- | --- | --- |
| [JDBC](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/access/jdbc.md) | 29.4% | 1.6% |
| [Oracle vendor-specific interface](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/access/vendor-oracle.md) | 29% | 1.6% |
| [ODBC](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/access/odbc.md) | 17.8% | 1% |
| [Python DB-API (other drivers)](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/access/python.md) | 13.4% | 0.7% |
| [Other language/portable APIs](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/access/other-api.md) | 10.4% | 0.6% |

## Storage use within this engine

| Option | Share of engine activity | Share of full storage layer |
| --- | --- | --- |
| [Oracle native storage](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/storage/native-oracle.md) | 90% | 4.9% |
| [Standalone Parquet on object storage](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/storage/parquet-object.md) | 3% | 0.2% |
| [Federated relational native stores (vendor unallocated)](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/storage/remote-relational.md) | 3% | 0.2% |
| [Local/shared row files](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/storage/legacy-local.md) | 2% | 0.1% |
| [Iceberg-authoritative tables](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/storage/iceberg.md) | 1% | <0.1% |
| [Standalone ORC on HDFS](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/storage/orc-hdfs.md) | 1% | <0.1% |

[All percentages for 2025](https://history.columnar.tech/years/2025.md)

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