# IBM relational (SQL/DS/Db2 lineage) · compute · 2024

Revision 1 (11 October 2026) · Modeled snapshot · through 8 October 2026.

All figures are research-informed estimates of analytical activity. Significant errors may remain; decimal places do not imply measurement precision.

3.15% of the full compute layer.

[IBM relational (SQL/DS/Db2 lineage)](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/compute/ibm.md): historical names and annual shares.

Connections below describe the whole IBM relational (SQL/DS/Db2 lineage) engine. Access and storage mixes are estimated separately; they are not a joint interface-to-storage distribution.

## Access use within this engine

| Option | Share of engine activity | Share of full access layer |
| --- | --- | --- |
| [JDBC](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/access/jdbc.md) | 29.9% | 0.9% |
| [IBM relational (SQL/DS/Db2 lineage) vendor-specific interface](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/access/vendor-ibm.md) | 28.4% | 0.9% |
| [ODBC](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/access/odbc.md) | 21.5% | 0.7% |
| [Other language/portable APIs](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/access/other-api.md) | 11.1% | 0.4% |
| [Python DB-API (other drivers)](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/access/python.md) | 9% | 0.3% |

## Storage use within this engine

| Option | Share of engine activity | Share of full storage layer |
| --- | --- | --- |
| [IBM relational (SQL/DS/Db2 lineage) native storage](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/storage/native-ibm.md) | 88% | 2.8% |
| [Federated relational native stores (vendor unallocated)](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/storage/remote-relational.md) | 4% | 0.1% |
| [Standalone Parquet on HDFS](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/storage/parquet-hdfs.md) | 2% | <0.1% |
| [Standalone ORC on HDFS](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/storage/orc-hdfs.md) | 2% | <0.1% |
| [Standalone Parquet on object storage](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/storage/parquet-object.md) | 2% | <0.1% |
| [Local/shared row files](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/storage/legacy-local.md) | 1% | <0.1% |
| [HDFS text/SequenceFile/RCFile/Avro](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/storage/hdfs-row.md) | 1% | <0.1% |

[All percentages for 2024](https://history.columnar.tech/years/2024.md)

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