# Standalone ORC on object storage · storage · 2022

Revision 1 (11 October 2026) · Modeled snapshot · through 8 October 2026.

All figures are research-informed estimates of analytical activity. Significant errors may remain; decimal places do not imply measurement precision.

1.49% of the full storage layer.

[Standalone ORC on object storage](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/storage/orc-object.md): historical names and annual shares.

## Contributions by compute engine

Each figure is a share of the full storage layer.

| Engine | Share of full storage layer | Engine connections |
| --- | --- | --- |
| [Amazon Athena](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/compute/athena.md) | 0.5% | [Inspect engine](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/2022/compute/athena.md) |
| [Apache Spark (including Amazon EMR, Synapse Spark, and Google Cloud Dataproc)](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/compute/spark.md) | 0.2% | [Inspect engine](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/2022/compute/spark.md) |
| [Hadoop batch/Hive](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/compute/hadoop.md) | 0.2% | [Inspect engine](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/2022/compute/hadoop.md) |
| [Trino](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/compute/trino.md) | 0.1% | [Inspect engine](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/2022/compute/trino.md) |
| [Databricks](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/compute/databricks.md) | 0.1% | [Inspect engine](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/2022/compute/databricks.md) |
| [Amazon Redshift](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/compute/redshift.md) | 0.1% | [Inspect engine](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/2022/compute/redshift.md) |
| [Presto](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/compute/presto.md) | <0.1% | [Inspect engine](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/2022/compute/presto.md) |
| [Google BigQuery](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/compute/bigquery.md) | <0.1% | [Inspect engine](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/2022/compute/bigquery.md) |
| [SQL Server / Synapse](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/compute/sqlserver.md) | <0.1% | [Inspect engine](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/2022/compute/sqlserver.md) |
| [Vertica](https://history.columnar.tech/technologies/compute/vertica.md) | <0.1% | [Inspect engine](https://history.columnar.tech/connections/2022/compute/vertica.md) |

[All percentages for 2022](https://history.columnar.tech/years/2022.md)

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